Manila: Malacañang has issued a directive for all public and private educational institutions in Metro Manila and 15 other provinces to adopt alternative learning modes and continuity measures due to anticipated heavy rainfall. According to Philippines News Agency, the directive is detailed in Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 134, which was signed by Executive Secretary Ralph Recto. The order follows the recommendation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, focusing on the regions expected to be affected by the enhanced southwest monsoon, known locally as "habagat." MC No. 134 applies to Metro Manila, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, Pangasinan, Abra, Benguet, Zambales, Bataan, Bulacan, Tarlac, Pampanga, Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, and Occidental Mindoro. The decision to enforce alternative learning modes comes in the wake of predictions of continued heavy rainfall and deteriorating air quality in Metro Manila caused by haze from forest and peatland fires in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Ind onesia. Local chief executives have the authority to cancel or suspend classes in their areas, in accordance with existing laws and regulations. "The localized cancellation or suspension of classes in other areas may be implemented by their respective local chief executives, pursuant to relevant laws, rules, and regulations," the memorandum stated. MC No. 134 is effective immediately, aiming to ensure the safety and well-being of students and educational staff amid the environmental challenges.